遥远的可可西里

台湾东森电视台记者：2007年是两岸关系的关键之年，当然现在两岸关系是政治冷，但是民间交流非常热，有越来越多的台商到大陆来。继开放台商包机和推动台湾水果进口之后，台湾民众现在非常关心大陆居民到台湾来观光，请问什么时候开始正式开放和实施？为了进一步推动两岸关系，还有哪些具体措施和构想？2008年也是关键的一年，在北京有奥运，在台湾有大选，对于未来的两岸关系，您的期待和看法是什么？

ETTV (Taiwan): The year 2007 is a crucial year for cross-Straits relations. The political relations across the Taiwan Straits are now cold, but people-to-people exchanges are very active. More and more Taiwan business people are coming to the mainland. Now that chartered flights are opened for Taiwan business people on the mainland and fruits from Taiwan can be sold to the mainland, people in Taiwan are now showing a great interest in the possibility of mainland tourists visiting Taiwan. When will such visits take place? What other steps are you going to take to advance cross-Straits relations? With the upcoming Olympics Games in Beijing and election in Taiwan, the year 2008 is also a crucial year. What is your view on and expectation of the future of cross-Straits relations?

温家宝：这两年是海峡两岸关系十分关键的时刻。关键在哪里？关键在于维护台海的和平与稳定。我在政府工作报告里已经再次重申：我们坚决反对“台湾法理独立”等任何形式的分裂活动。我们密切关注着台湾分裂势力在“**”的道路上所采取的种种行动和他们分裂的图谋。我们绝不允许改变台湾自古以来就是中国领土不可分割的一部分的历史事实和国际公认的法律地位。

　　我们将牢牢把握海峡两岸和平发展的主题，继续贯彻和执行有利于两岸关系和平发展的各项政策措施。你说得很对，现在台商来大陆发展的越来越多。去年两岸双边贸易额已经达到1000亿美元，其中台湾向内地出口达到800亿美元。我们将保护台商以及台湾同胞在大陆投资、就学、旅游等各方面的合法利益。我们积极推进全面的、直接的双向的“三通”。首先要解决两岸客运包机周末化的问题和两岸货运包机便捷化的问题。大陆同胞到台湾旅游已经期盼多时了，准备多日了。我们希望早日实现这个愿望。海峡两岸和平发展是大势所趋，是任何人无法改变的。“沉舟侧畔千帆过，病树前头万木春。”

Premier: The years 2007 and 2008 will indeed be crucial for cross-Straits relations. Why? Because they are critical to upholding peace and stability across the Taiwan Straits. In my Report on the Work of the Government, I reiterated our firm opposition to all forms of separatist activities, including "de jure Taiwan independence". We are watching closely the attempts the separatist forces in Taiwan are making for "Taiwan independence". We will never allow any change to the history, reality and universally-recognized legal status of Taiwan, that is, it has been an inalienable part of China's territory since ancient times.

We will make every effort to promote peace and development across the Taiwan Straits and continue to implement policies that are conducive to the peaceful growth of cross-Straits relations. You are right in pointing out that more and more Taiwan business people are coming to the mainland. Last year, the two-way trade reached 100 billion US dollars, 80 billion US dollars of which was Taiwan's export to the mainland. We are firm in protecting the lawful rights and interests of Taiwan businesses and Taiwan compatriots in making investments, studying and traveling on the mainland. We will actively promote comprehensive, direct and two-way links between the two sides, namely "the three direct links". The first priority is to open chartered passenger flights on weekends on a regular basis and simplify procedures for chartered cargo flights between the two sides. People on the mainland have longed to make tourist visits to Taiwan, and much preparation has been made. We hope that their wish can be realized at an early time. Peace and development across the Taiwan Straits represent the trend of the times. This is a trend no one can reverse, as described in a classical Chinese poem: A thousand sails pass by the wrecked ship; ten thousand saplings shoot up beyond the withered tree.

中央电视台记者：刚才总理说除了做公仆，没有其他权力。我想这话不仅是对政府工作人员说的，更是对领导干部说的。我问的问题与此相关，也就是反腐败的话题。最近陈良宇、郑筱萸等案件的查处和披露引起很大的反响。我们也听到了来自观众的声音：一方面大家觉得特别的欣慰，因为加大反腐力度一直是人们所期待的，而另一方面人们很忧虑，为他们看到的腐败现象忧虑。如何有效地遏制一些行政领域权钱交易的现象？

CCTV: You have just said that government officials should work as public servants and do not have any other power. This applies not only to government functionaries, but more to leading officials. My question is about the anti-corruption issue. The investigation and disclosure of cases involving Chen Liangyu and Zheng Xiaoyu have aroused keen public response. We have received a lot of comments from our viewers. On the one hand, people feel relieved because they had hoped stern actions would be taken against corruption. On the other hand, people are disturbed by corruption that they have seen. How can the power-for-money deals in some areas of government administration be effective curbed?

温家宝：应该承认，随着市场经济发展，腐败现象接连不断地发生，在一些部门和地方还比较严重，甚至涉及到许多高级领导人。解决这个问题，首先，要从制度上入手。因为造成腐败的原因是多方面的，其中最为重要的一点，就是权力过于集中，而又得不到有效的制约和监督。这就需要改革我们的制度。要贯彻我们已经制定的行政许可法，减少审批事项。政府部门掌握了大量的行政资源和审批权力，容易滋生权钱交易、以权谋私、**的腐败现象。第二，要推进政治体制改革。减少权力过分集中的现象，加强人民对政府的监督。今后，凡属审批事项，特别是涉及人民群众利益的，都要公开、公正和透明。第三，要实行教育和惩治并举的方针。让每个干部和领导者懂得“水能载舟，亦能覆舟”。对于那些贪污腐败分子，不管发生在哪个领域，涉及到什么人，不管他职务多高，都要依法严肃惩处。

Premier: There is no denying that with the development of the market economy, corruption has increased. It is quite serious in some sectors and localities. Some of the cases even involve many high-ranking officials. To solve the problem, we need first to address institutional deficiencies. Corruption is caused by many factors, and the most important factor is excessive concentration of power and the lack of effective checks and oversight. This makes it necessary to reform our system. We must implement the Administrative Permit Law that has been enacted and reduce the number of matters that require government approval. When government departments have excessive administrative resources and power of approval, it will give rise to corruption where public officials trade power for money, abuse power for personal gains, or act in collusion with business people. Second, we must promote reform in the political system. We should work to redress concentration of power and enhance public supervision of the government. All the decisions on administrative approval, particularly those concerning the interests of the general public, must be made in an open, fair and transparent way. Third, we should adopt a two pronged approach of both education and punishment. Every cadre and leading official should know that "while water can carry a boat, it can also overturn it." All corrupt officials, no matter who they are, how senior their positions are and in what fields they have committed corruption, must be brought to justice.

法国世界报记者：最近您在《人民日报》发表了一篇文章。您提到社会主义制度和社会主义民主并不是相互排斥的，您同时还说社会主义的初级阶段要经历一百年。请问这是否意味着说，中国在未来的一百年都不需要民主？

Le Monde: Recently in an interview you gave to the People's Daily, you said that socialist system and democratic politics are not mutually exclusive. You also said that an initial stage of socialism will persist for a hundred years. Do you mean by that there will be no democracy in China in the next one hundred years?

温家宝：我这篇文章讲述了一个道理：就是社会主义与民主、法制不是相悖离的。民主、法制、自由、人权、平等、博爱等等，这不是资本主义所特有的，这是全世界在漫长的历史过程中共同形成的文明成果，也是人类共同追求的价值观。我同时强调，世界上有2000多个民族，200多个国家和地区，他们的社会历史文化不同，他们的发展水平不同，实现民主的形式和途径也是不相同的。这种文化的多样性是不以人们的意志为转移的。

　　至于你提到社会主义民主是什么？我可以明确地说，社会主义民主归根结底是让人民当家作主，这就需要保障人民的民主选举、民主决策、民主管理和民主监督的权利；就是要创造一种条件，让人民监督和批评政府；就是要在平等、公正和自由的环境下，让每一个人都得到全面的发展；就是要充分发挥人的创造精神和独立思维的能力；就是要实行依法治国，完善法制，建设法治国家。

　　我们的社会主义建设，包括社会主义民主政治建设，经验都还不足。我们愿意实行开放政策，学习世界上一切先进的文明成果，结合我们自己的实际，走中国式的民主道路。你说我的文章讲到社会主义初级阶段要经历100年，是否意味着说100年不要民主，这是你误解了。我是讲社会主义由不成熟到成熟、由不完善到完善、由不发达到比较发达，还需要一个很长的过程。在这个阶段中，我们要实现两大任务，推进两大改革。两大任务就是：一是集中精力发展社会生产力；二是推进社会公平与正义，特别是让正义成为社会主义国家制度的首要价值。两大改革是：一是推进以市场为取向的经济体制改革；二是以发展民主政治为目标的政治体制改革。

　　民主制度同任何真理一样，都要接受实践的检验，任何国家和地区，民主制度的状况、优劣，都要以实践为检验标准。

遥远的可可西里

Premier: The ultimate goal of our reform and development endeavor is to meet the increasing material and cultural needs of the people. So the well-being of the people needs to be improved. This issue concerns the daily life of the people. The most important thing we should do now is to promote equal opportunity in education, continue the pro-active employment policy, narrow the income gap and build a social security system that covers both urban and rural areas.

To improve people's well-being, we need institutional guarantee. We have legislation on rescinding the agricultural tax and taxes on special agricultural products. We have legislation on nine-year free compulsory education. And we will develop a legal framework for the system of urban and rural basic cost of living allowances to be established. We are drafting a plan to reform the urban and rural medical and health system, and the plan will eventually be institutionalized. Once the institutional arrangements are in place, it will not be easy to change things, and the institutional arrangements will not change simply because of the change of the government or leaders.

In addressing issues related to the well-being of the people, the focus of our efforts should be on the disadvantaged groups, because these groups are fairly large, particularly in rural areas. The speed of a flotilla is not determined by the fastest ship, but the slowest one. Unless the well-being of the disadvantaged groups is improved, the well-being of the whole society won't be improved.

To improve the well-being of the people, we should make people feel happy about their life. To do so, we must ensure people's democratic rights and promote social justice and fairness. You may ask: what do you mean by being happy? Let me quote a line from Ai Qing, a Chinese poet, "Go and ask the thawing land, go and ask the thawing river".

日本NHK电视台记者：我想提两个问题：第一个是日中关系。现在，日中关系面临着改善的时机，同时许多问题还没有得到解决。您认为现在日中关系还有什么不足？在改善这种关系上需要做什么？另外一个是日本公民被绑架问题。中国对这个问题，今后能够发挥什么样的作用？

NHK: I have two questions. The first one is on Japan-China relations. Japan-China relations now have an opportunity for improvement. On the other hand, many problems remain. What needs to be done to improve these relations? My second question is on the abduction of Japanese nationals. What role can China play regarding this issue?

温家宝：中日两国是一衣带水的邻邦。中国有一句古话：“召远在修近，闭祸在除怨。”这是管子的话。在中日两国政府的共同努力下，我们就消除影响两国关系的政治障碍问题达成了共识，这就促成了安倍首相去年10月访问中国。中日两国发展合作关系，世代友好，符合历史潮流，符合人民愿望。虽然现在两国间还存在许多问题，但是已有一个基石，就是三个政治文件。

　　中日关系的三个政治文件从政治上、法律上和事实上总结了两国关系的过去，也从长远和战略上，规划了两国关系的未来。我们要坚持这三个文件的精神，以史为鉴，面向未来。如果说安倍首相去年10月访问中国是一次“破冰之旅”，我希望4月份我对日本的访问将成为一次“融冰之旅”。我将和安倍首相就建立中日战略互惠关系的内涵达成共识，并就建立两国经济合作的机制、促进科技教育的交流和人员的往来、特别是青少年的往来进行磋商。我希望中日两国之间能够构建长期稳定、健康发展的友好合作格局。

　　至于你提的第二个问题，我们已经多次表示，对于日本公民遭受绑架一事表示同情和理解。但是，这是日本和朝鲜之间的问题。我希望日、朝通过沟通与谈判，能够顺利解决这个问题。

Premier: China and Japan are close neighbors facing each other across a narrow strip of water. As the ancient Chinese philosopher Kuan-tzu observed: "To win distant friends, one needs, first of all, to have good relations with his neighbors. To avoid adversity, one needs to ease animosity." Thanks to the joint efforts of the Chinese and Japanese Governments, agreement was reached on removing the political obstacle to the growth of China-Japan relations. This led to Japanese Prime Minister Shinzo Abe's visit to China last October. To promote cooperation between China and Japan and friendship between the two countries from generation to generation is the trend of history and meets the aspiration of our two peoples. It is true that there are still many problems between China and Japan, but there are three political documents between the two countries, and they form the foundation of China-Japan relations.

These three political documents settled the previous China-Japan relations on the political, legal and factual basis. They also set the direction for the growth of China-Japan relations from long-term and strategic perspective. We should adhere to these three documents and take history as a mirror to guide the future growth of bilateral relations. If Prime Minister Abe's visit to China in October last year can be termed as an ice-breaking trip, then I hope my visit to Japan in April will be an ice-thawing journey. I expect to reach agreement with Prime Minister Abe on establishing China-Japan strategic relations of mutual benefit, and I will have talks with him on setting up the economic cooperation mechanism and promoting scientific and educational exchange and mutual visits between the two peoples, especially the young people. I hope China and Japan will work together to ensure the long-term stable and sound growth of a relationship of friendship and cooperation.

As to your second question, we have expressed on many occasions China's sympathy for and understanding of the issue of abduction of Japanese nationals. However, this is an issue between Japan and the DPRK. I hope it can be resolved smoothly through dialogue and negotiation between them.