关注社会:中国有望成为全球最大黄金市场

之之

India has for decades been the world's largest gold market, but in the final quarter of 2011 demand tumbled by almost half from a year earlier as a collapse in the value of the rupee made gold more expensive for Indian buyers.
几十年来，印度一直是全球最大的黄金市场，但去年第四季度印度黄金需求同比下降近一半，主要原因是卢比贬值，导致黄金对印度买家来说变得更为昂贵。
"It is likely that China will emerge as the largest gold market in the world for the first time in 2012," said Marcus Grubb, managing director for investment at the WGC, a lobby group for the gold mining industry.
“2012年，中国很可能会首次成为世界最大的黄金市场。”世界黄金协会投资部董事总经理郭博思(Marcus Grubb)表示。该协会是黄金开采行业的游说组织。
Thursday's prediction comes after a surge in Chinese gold demand last year, with imports from Hong Kong — a proxy for overall import demand — more than tripling from 2010. In the second half of the year, as Indian demand waned, China edged ahead as the world's top consumer, according to data from GFMS, the consultancy, that were published by the WGC on Thursday.
去年中国内地的黄金需求大幅增长，从香港进口的黄金数量（总体进口需求的晴雨表）比2010年增长两倍以上。根据咨询机构——黄金矿业服务有限公司(GFMS)的数据，去年下半年，随着印度黄金需求减弱，中国一跃成为全球最大的黄金消费国。这些数据由世界黄金协会在周四发布。
China has become an increasingly important driver of the gold price, with large purchases propping up prices late last year as western investors were selling.
中国已成为左右金价的一大因素，重要性日益上升。去年底，在西方投资者纷纷减持之际，来自中国的大量买盘对金价形成了支撑。
On Wednesday night, gold was trading at $1,726 a troy ounce, up 13.5 per cent from a late December low but still 10 per cent below the nominal record high of $1,920 set in September. Paulson and Co, one of the largest hedge fund investors in gold, revealed in a regulatory filing this week that it had sold 45 per cent of its holdings of gold exchange-traded funds in the second half of the year.
周三晚，金价报每盎司1726美元，较去年12月底的低位高出13.5%，但仍比去年9月创下的名义历史新高每盎司1920美元低10%。对冲基金中最大的黄金投资者之一保尔森公司(Paulson and Co)在本周提交监管部门的材料中披露，该公司去年下半年减持了45%的黄金ETF（交易所交易基金）。
Mr Grubb predicted that Chinese consumption would rise this year at pace similar to the 20 per cent increase in 2011. That implies jewellery and investment demand of about 925 tonnes in 2012. On the other hand, he said Indian demand could fall from its level of 933 tonnes in 2011.
郭博思预计，今年中国黄金消费量的增幅将与去年相当。去年增幅为20%。以此计算，2012年中国金饰和黄金投资需求将达925吨左右。另一方面，他表示，今年印度黄金需求可能低于2011年933吨的水平。
"The dynamic in those two economies is radically different," he said. "There might be more challenges to the Indian market [than the Chinese market] in the next 12 months."
郭博思表示：“这两个经济体的动态截然不同。在未来12个月内，印度市场面临的挑战可能（比中国市场）更多。”
Indian economic growth has slowed, with the government recently cutting its forecast for growth in this fiscal year ending in March to 7 per cent, having steadily pared back previous projections of nearly 9 per cent.
印度经济增长已经放缓，政府最近调低了对截至3月份的这一财年的经济增长预测，经过几番下调，这一预测数字已从最早的近9%下调为7%。
"You've effectively seen foreign direct investment dry up in India," Mr Grubb said. "That feeds down into the economy with slowing growth and less liquidity available. That really impacts the rupee, and gold looks horribly expensive to local consumers."
郭博思表示：“你可以看到，印度外来直接投资已几近枯竭，这对经济产生了影响，导致增长放缓、流动性减少。这实际上对卢比汇率造成了冲击，在本地消费者眼里，现在黄金看起来非常贵。”
In China, on the other hand, Mr Grubb predicted further strength as both growth and inflation remain relatively high, driving local consumers to invest in bullion to protect their wealth. Savers have poured their money into gold because of the lack of alternative investment options in China, were bank deposits carry negative real interest rates and property prices have been sliding.
另一方面，郭博思预计中国黄金需求将进一步走强，因为国内经济增长仍然较为强劲，通胀水平仍然较高，这会促使中国消费者投资黄金，以达到财富保值的目的。在中国，由于银行存款实际利率为负、房价持续下滑，而此外又没有多少投资途径，所以储户们纷纷把资金投在黄金上。
Chinese gold consumption has already risen by 140 per cent between 2007 and 2011, as growing wealth and the liberalisation of the domestic gold market drive a surge in consumption. Beijing has encouraged gold consumption, announcing in August 2010 measures to promote and regulate the local gold market, including expanding the number of banks allowed to import bullion.
从2007年到2011年期间，中国黄金消费量增长了140%，财富的增长和国内黄金市场的放开带动了黄金消费的增长。中国政府鼓励黄金消费，于2010年8月出台了一些促进和监管本地黄金市场发展的措施，包括允许更多银行从事黄金进口业务。
Elsewhere last year, demand for gold in Europe surged as investors fretted about the worsening eurozone debt crisis. European investment in coins and bars rose 26 per cent to 375 tonnes, the WGC said, making the region the largest market for physical gold investment products.
在其他地区中，欧洲黄金需求大幅上升，原因是投资者对持续恶化的欧债危机感到不安。世界黄金协会表示，去年欧洲在金币和金条上的投资增长了26%，达375吨，使该地区成为实物黄金投资产品的最大市场。
Additional reporting by Leslie Hook in Beijing
何丽(Leslie Hook)北京补充报道

之之

For the great rejuvenation of Chinese nation,innovation unlimited,creativity,sea election unlimited,from generation to genenation,innovation,it take fifteen years to twenty years.creative,it take ten years to  fifteen years.sea election,it will take five to ten years.
为中华民族的伟大复兴，创新无限，创意无限，海选无限，代代相传。创新，15到20年，创意，10到15年，海选，5到10年。

之之

Is the Earth running out of minerals?

地球上的矿产资源是否即将告罄？
A recent and widely publicized proposal to mine asteroids for nickel, platinum and other key ingredients for metals is based in part on the notion that we face scarcity in the not-too-distant future.
一项在小行星上开采镍、铂和其他重要金属元素的提议近期得到广为宣传，该提议在一定程度上是基于这样一种认识，即：在不远的将来我们将面临矿产资源短缺的局面。
How much is a matter of debate, as is the capacity of sonar, radar and drilling technology to find new resources - which may not match civilization's ever-growing appetite for metal-based products from replacement knee joints and oil pipes to catalytic converters and iPads.
至于资源缺口究竟有多大，目前人们的看法还存在分歧，同样，人们对声纳、雷达和钻探技术发现新资源能力的看法也不一致──地球上的资源可能无法满足人类对膝关节假体、油管、催化转换器和iPad等金属产品不断增长的需求。
Investors led by Google Inc. Chief Executive Larry Page and film director James Cameron in April launched Planetary Resources Inc., based in Bellevue, Wash., with a message that the Earth's resources could soon fail to meet the technological needs of a population spiraling toward 10 billion.
以谷歌(Google Inc.)首席执行长佩奇(Larry Page)和电影导演卡梅隆(James Cameron)为首的投资者4月份在华盛顿州贝尔维尤(Bellevue)建立了太空采矿公司行星资源公司(Planetary Resources Inc.)。该公司的建立向人们传递了这样一个信息：随着世界人口逼近100亿，地球上的资源可能很快就无法满足人类的技术需求了。
Caterpillar Inc., one of the world's largest makers of mining equipment, has already joined with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration to design space-mining gear. "We looked at autonomous operations of equipment as being the same type of technology that could be used on the moon as well as in a mining application," said Michele Blubaugh, manager of Intelligence Technology Services at Caterpillar.
全球最大的采矿设备生产商之一卡特彼勒公司(Caterpillar Inc.)已与美国国家航空航天局(National Aeronautics and Space Administration)联手设计太空采矿装置。卡特彼勒旗下Intelligence Technology Services主管布卢鲍(Michele Blubaugh)称，“我们认为设备自主操作技术既能应用于月球也能应用于采矿。”
But firms that make their money mining this planet say the Earth is one big, practically inexhaustible mine, with just as many unexplored corners as outer space. "We think there are 10,000 more years of minerals left for civilization," said Andrew McKenzie, a geologist and BHP Billiton PLC's chief executive for nonferrous metals. "Civilization will change, of course, and there will be different minerals involved, but 10,000 more years."
但在地球上采矿挣钱的公司则表示，地球是一个几乎取之不尽的巨大矿山，地球上尚未开发的角落与外太空一样多。地质学家、必和必拓(BHP Billiton PLC)有色金属业务首席执行长麦肯齐(Andrew McKenzie)称，“我们认为地球上的矿产资源可供人类再使用一万年以上。当然，人类文明会发生变化，会使用不同的矿物，但一万多年是相当长的一段时间。”
Some minerals are more plentiful and some parts of the world more endowed. The world has plenty of potash - 610 years worth, which ensures centuries more of fertilizer-making, and 590 years of known iron-ore reserves, according to U.S. Geological Survey estimates. Overall, the earth has about 136 years of copper but just a small proportion of it in Australia, which could supply the planet for only a few years, according to the U.S.G.S.
无论是从种类和地理位置来看，全球矿产资源的分布都是不均衡的。美国地质调查局(U.S. Geological Survey)估计，地球上有大量钾盐──可供人类使用610年，能确保未来多个世纪的化肥生产所需，此外，已知铁矿石储量可供人类使用590年。美国地质调查局称，总体来看，地球上拥有可供人类使用约136年的铜资源，但其中仅有一小部分分布在澳大利亚，只能再供地球使用几年。而南美洲拥有的铜矿资源则占全球剩余铜储量的一半左右。此外，这些数值是根据采矿公司列入具体开采计划的储量估算出来的──明显低于埋藏在地壳内部的庞大储量。
South America, on the other hand, has roughly half of all copper reserves left for global supply. And those estimates are of what mining companies have concrete plans to get at - numbers that are significantly lower than the colossal quantities of reserves buried in the Earth's crust.
按照化学家的说法，如果有人有兴趣在海洋中采矿的话，那么他们可以开采出1,000万吨黄金，价值超过500万亿美元。二十世纪二十年代，德国化学家、诺贝尔奖得主哈伯(Fritz Haber)认为，从海洋中开采到的黄金可能足以偿还德国在第一次世界大战中欠下的债务。不过他没能成功说服政府去尝试他的想法。
If anyone was interested in sifting the oceans, they could recover 10 million tons of gold, worth over $500 trillion, according to chemists. In the 1920s, German chemist Fritz Haber, a Nobel Prize winner, thought it possible to extract enough gold from oceans to pay his country's debt after World War I. He was unsuccessful at even convincing governments to try his idea.
总部位于加拿大安大略省萨德伯里(Sudbury)的采矿公司HTX Minerals Corp.的首席执行长麦克莱恩(Scott McLean)称，“很难想象人类将依靠太空中的小行星来满足地球上的金属需求。”他说，这个想法“很有意思，考虑这些问题是颇有远见的，”但他的结论是：“地球的矿产资源取之不尽，还能供人类使用几千年。”

之之

芮成钢：国际化的中国青年


芮成钢回到家乡合肥，尽管胖了一些，但仍是令人疯狂的超级明星。5月26日中午，安徽图书城，面对汹涌的人潮，新华书店的工作人员手挽手，在签售区外又隔出一道“防波堤”，他们个个红光满面，脸上一半写着自豪，一半写着终于看到大场面的兴奋。现场全是举着手机拍照的手臂，和少女们的尖叫，“拍到了?”“正面的?”“啊!好高兴啊!!!”

　　图书城隔壁是芮成钢的母校合肥八中，有女生举着书想加塞，央求保安：我还要上课啊。保安指着望不到头的人龙跟她解释，“有人早上7点就来排队了。”芮在两个小时里签售了2000本新书，这情形把随他前来的BBC记者尼尔看呆了。“这要是在英国，绝对不可能，”尼尔正与芮成钢合作拍摄一部讲述中国经济的纪录片，“他可是财经新闻主播，财经多枯燥啊!”

　　尼尔或许不知道，在我们这里，一位成功人士，一位年轻的、帅气的、国际化的成功人士没理由不受到追捧。“您看看，采访的全都是总统、首相!”热心的店员翻着书里的照片，向一位好奇的老大爷解释。

　　事实上，“国际化”一整天都在嗡嗡作响。12点的媒体见面会，一家本地网站的记者向芮成钢提问：在合肥这样的城市，你是怎么提高自己外语水平的?另一位记者则激动地问：请问你这本小说想告诉我们什么?芮成钢反应很快：“这是一本小书，不是一本小说。”下午在安徽大学的交流及签售，主题便是“如何做一个国际化的年轻人”，面对4500名学生，芮成钢说的第一条经验是，现在就业环境不太好，大家一定要把英文学好，“这个世界80%以上最鲜活准确的讯息是英文的……”

　　他是这个国家最富代表性的年轻精英，形象好，气质佳，自由游走在中英文之间，博客和微博上最多的就是和世界名流的交谈与合影——他从不吝于展示自己和这个世界的密切关系。他与比尔·盖茨共进早餐，参加克林顿的私人聚会，和澳大利亚前首相陆克文的良好关系更是尽人皆知。而那些接受过他采访的VIP们对他也多有褒奖，意大利总理马利奥·蒙蒂说：“被芮成钢这样的重量级记者专访，是一件相当愉悦的事。”耶鲁大学校长理查德·莱文说：“芮成钢是一位活力四射的新时代中国的标杆式青年。”日本前首相福田康夫则说：“我为亚洲能有他这样优秀的媒体人感到自豪和骄傲。”这些评价都被出版社印在他新书的封底。

之之

Here's a list of some of its amazing benefits — benefits that you may not have been aware of. Some of these benefits are still being debated, so please do your own research if you want to use green tea for medicinal purposes.

绿茶,六大茶叶之一,备受人们的喜爱。它不仅口味清醇,回味无穷,更具备了许多有益人体健康的保健功效。那么喝绿茶的好处到底有哪些?下面小编来为大家讲解一下。

Weight Loss.Green tea increases the metabolism. The polyphenol found in green tea works to intensify levels of fat oxidation and the rate at which your body turns food into calories.

促进新陈代谢，降低体重

Diabetes.Green tea apparently helps regulate glucose levels slowing the rise of blood sugar after eating. This can prevent high insulin spikes and resulting fat storage.

调节血糖水平，防止糖尿病

Heart Disease.Scientists think, green tea works on the lining of blood vessels, helping keep them stay relaxed and better able to withstand changes in blood pressure. It may also protect against the formation of clots, which are the primary cause of heart attacks.

预防心脏病

Esophageal Cancer.It can reduce the risk of esophageal cancer, but it is also widely thought to kill cancer cells in general without damaging the healthy tissue around them.

降低患食道癌的风险

Cholesterol.Green tea reduces bad cholesterol in the blood and improves the ratio of good cholesterol to bad cholesterol.

调节高密度胆固醇与低密谋胆固醇的比例，降低坏胆固醇

Alzheimer's and Parkinson's.It is said to delay the deterioration caused by Alzheimer's and Parkinson's. Studies carried out on mice showed that green tea protected brain cells from dying and restored damaged brain cells.

可对抗老年痴呆和帕金森病

Tooth Decay.Studies suggests that the chemical antioxidant "catechin" in tea can destroy bacteria and viruses that cause throat infections, dental caries and other dental conditions.

含有抗氧化成分，能保护牙齿

Blood Pressure.Regular consumption of green tea is thought to reduce the risk of high blood pressure.

降低血压

Depression.Theanine is an amino acid naturally found in tea leaves. It is this substance that is thought to provide a relaxing and tranquilizing effect and be a great benefit to tea drinkers.

缓解低落情绪

Anti-viral and Anti-bacterial.Tea catechins are strong antibacterial and antiviral agents which make them effective for treating everything from influenza to cancer. In some studies green tea has been shown to inhibit the spread of many diseases.

具有抗菌性和抗病毒性，可对抗流感等多种疾病

Skincare.Green tea can apparently also help with wrinkles and the signs of aging, This is because of their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. Both animal and human studies have demonstrated that green tea applied topically can reduce sun damage.

美容护肤

之之

新华社记者：总理您好。去年农民收入的增长是27年来首次超过了城镇居民。请问总理，这是否意味着在扭转城乡差距扩大的进程中出现了一个拐点？“十二五”时期能否保持住这种变化的趋势？

Xinhua News Agency: Last year, for the first time in 27 years, farmers' income grew faster than urban income. Does that indicate a reversal of the widening income gap between urban and rural areas? Will this momentum continue during the 12th Five-Year Plan period?

温家宝：应该说，这些年来农民的收入有大幅度的增长，到去年达到5919元，增长幅度超过10%，也超过了城镇居民收入的增长幅度，这是一个可喜的现象。农民收入的增长大致是三个来源。一是农产品，或者叫农业收入。我们在2006年全部免除了农业税，每年减轻农民负担超过1335亿元。与此同时，我们开始对农民实行生产补贴，去年的补贴额超过1200亿元。此外，我们在农村实行了免费的9年义务教育，并且对贫困地区和贫困家庭的孩子，免除了书本费和住宿费。在中等职业学校，我们还特别规定，对来自农村的孩子和学农专业的孩子全部免费。这些都是农民收入增长的一些重要因素。二是工资性收入。这是更为重要的。我们取消了对农民进城的歧视政策。现在农民进城务工的多达2.42亿人，农民的工资性收入占到50%。三是部分农民有财产性收入。农民收入应该说有了很大的提高，但是我们不能盲目乐观，农业基础还不够巩固，农民收入增长也还不够稳定。农民收入的增长是我们实现社会公平，特别是收入分配公平的一个极为重要的方面。为此，我们还要做出极大的努力。比如，我们前几年农产品的价格提高了20%-40%，在这个基础上，今年我们继续大幅提升粮食最低收购价。我们正在积极稳妥地实行户籍制度改革，让符合条件的农民工进城落户。同时，着力解决农民工生活和工作存在的问题，包括培训、子女上学和社会保障。所有这些，都会进一步提高农民的收入。

Premier Wen Jiabao: In recent years, the farmers' income has risen by a large margin. Last year, farmers' income reached 5,919 RMB yuan, and for the first time it increased faster than urban income. It rose by over 10%. This is indeed encouraging. There are three main sources of increase in farmers' income. First, farming income. We fully rescinded agricultural tax in 2006, reducing farmers' burdens by 133.5 billion yuan each year. At the same time, we have offered production subsidies for farmers. Last year, the figure exceeded 120 billion yuan. In the rural areas, we have introduced the free nine-year compulsory education. We have exempted the textbook fees and expenditures for living on campus for poor students. Moreover, secondary vocational education has been made free for rural students and students whose majors are related to agriculture. All these have contributed greatly to farmers' income. Second, wage income, which is a more important aspect. Farmers no longer face discriminatory policies in terms of coming to work in cities. There are about 242 million rural migrant workers working in cities and their wage income now accounts for about 50% of total income. And third, some farmers receive property income. It's fair to say that farmers' income has increased significantly. But we must not be over optimistic, as the agricultural foundation is not yet solid and we have yet to put the increase of farmers' income on a steady course. To continue to raise farmers' income is a very important aspect of our effort to achieve social fairness, especially fair income distribution, and a lot remains to be done on this front. In the past several years, the prices of agricultural products have risen by 20% to 40%. This year, we will build on that basis and continue to substantially raise the minimum purchase prices of grains. We are taking active and steady steps to reform the household registration system so that eligible rural migrant workers will become urban residents. We will also address the rural migrant workers' needs in life and work, including training, the education of their children and social security coverage. I believe, with the implementation of all these measures, we will continue to see increase in rural income.

温家宝：最后，在座的有日本记者吗？我想说几句话。三天以前，日本遭受了历史上罕见的特大地震灾害，给日本人民的生命财产造成了巨大的损失。我想借此机会，代表中国政府和人民向在这次灾难中遇难的日本人民表示深切的哀悼，向全体日本人民表示诚挚的慰问。中国也是一个多地震的国家，我们感同身受。在汶川发生特大地震的时候，日本政府派了救援队，并且给中国以物资上的支援。我们的救援队昨天已经到达日本，我们运送的救灾物资也送到了日本。我们将根据日本的需要，愿意继续提供必要的帮助。请你代为转达。

Premier Wen Jiabao: Do we have Japanese journalists present here today? I have a few more words to say. Japan was hit by a devastating earthquake three days ago. The earthquake has inflicted enormous life and property losses. I want to use today's opportunity to extend, on behalf of the Chinese government and people, our deep condolences to the lost lives in this disaster and express our sincere sympathies to the Japanese people. China is also a country that is prone to earthquake disasters, and we fully empathize with how the Japanese people feel now. When the massive earthquake hit Wenchuan in China, the Japanese government sent a rescue team to China and offered relief supplies. The Chinese rescue team arrived in Japan yesterday and we have provided relief supplies to the Japanese side. We will provide more assistance in light of the needs of the Japanese side. Please convey this message to the Japanese people.

之之

An increasing number of Chinese tourists are visiting the United States, pleasing many American businesses in tough economic times. The number of U.S. tourist visas issued to Chinese has risen dramatically, from 203,000 travelers in 2004 to the latest number available, which is 1.1 million. That puts China ninth on the list of countries of origin for U.S. tourism.

中国访美游客人数不断增加，令处于经济艰难时期的许多美国企业受益。美国向中国公民签发的旅游签证数量已大幅增加，从2004年的20万3000增加到去年的110万，这是可获得的最新数字。这使中国成为美国的第9大旅游客源国。

Ron Erdmann, deputy director of the U.S. Commerce Department's Office of Travel and Tourism Industries, told VOA the Chinese tourists are giving a boost to the U.S. economy. Erdmann said Chinese tourism also benefits the people of both countries culturally. Erdmann said the growth in tourism from China is also boosting the sector of the U.S. travel industry that specializes in providing services to Chinese visitors. He said the U.S. government, for its part, is working to make sure that most visa applicants are approved promptly.

美国商务部旅游与旅行业办公室副主任罗恩·厄尔德曼对美国之音说，中国游客提振了美国经济。厄尔德曼说，中国游客访美还有利于两国人民的文化交流。厄尔德曼说，中国访美游客人数增加还促使美国旅游业改善向中国游客提供的服务。他说，美国政府也在致力于确保大多数签证申请快速获批。

之之

Several of China's leading carmakers are relaunching brands from the past, including Mao Zedong's famous Red Flag limousine, in a bid to capitalise on nostalgia for an era when China made very few cars — but those they made were grand ones.

中国数家领先汽车制造商正重新启用昔日的品牌，包括毛泽东的座驾、著名的“红旗”牌豪华轿车。此举意在利用人们的怀旧之情——当年中国的汽车产量虽然很少，但它生产出来的汽车都很有气派。
But there is scant evidence that Chinese car buyers are hankering for the good old days when state-owned manufacturers made cars named after Beijing, Shanghai or the red flag of communism.
但几乎没有什么证据显示，中国购车族渴望回到“美好的往昔”——那时，国有制造商生产以“北京”、“上海”或代表共产主义的“红旗”为品牌的汽车。
China may be the world's largest car market, but China has yet to build a car industry to be proud of. Foreign carmakers dominate the market, and the local industry is losing market share.
中国也许是全球最大的汽车市场，但中国尚未建立起值得骄傲的汽车产业。外国汽车制造商主导着中国市场，本土汽车产业正失去市场份额。
Chinese manufacturers are hoping to reverse that trend by unveiling a range of bigger, glitzier, sportier and more innovative models at the Beijing motor show, which opens today.
中国制造商希望扭转这一趋势。在今日开幕的北京汽车展上，它们将发布一系列更大、更亮丽、更具运动感、更加创新的车型。
Analysts say it could be a critical moment for the Chinese industry, which has less than 30 per cent of the local market.
分析师们表示，对占本土市场份额不到30%的中国汽车业来说，这可能是一个关键时刻。
Three decades after Beijing set out to build a world class car industry — signing landmark joint venture agreements with Volkswagen and General Motors to partner state-owned manufacturers — brands owned by Volkswagen and GM still dominate, while Chinese brands remain stuck in the hyper-competitive low end of the market.
30年前，北京方面开始打造世界级的汽车产业，中国国有制造商与大众汽车(VW)和通用汽车(GM)签署了里程碑式的合资协议。今天，大众和通用旗下的品牌仍占据中国市场主导地位，而中国品牌仍徘徊在竞争极其激烈的低端市场。
In general, foreign-branded cars are seen as more reliable, more stylish, more impressive and better value for money than Chinese-branded models, which continue to compete almost entirely on price.
总体来说，与中国品牌的车型相比，外国品牌的汽车被视为更可靠、造型更时尚、更令人印象深刻，也更加物有所值。中国品牌仍几乎完全靠价格竞争。
In the past year, Beijing has taken several steps to reverse the decline, banning most official fleet purchases of foreign brands and forcing overseas makers like GM and VW to develop indigenous brands with their joint venture partners in a bid to ensure a more rapid transfer of -technology.
过去一年里，北京方面已采取多个步骤扭转本土品牌的颓势，包括禁止大多数公车采购选择外国品牌，并迫使通用和大众等海外制造商与各自的中方合资伙伴一起研发自主品牌，以求实现更快的技术转移。
Nissan will launch Venucia, its own brand with joint venture partner Dongfeng Motors, at the Beijing auto show, for example. But most industry analysts say those measures are likely to provide only a small boost to local carmakers' market share — or could depress it even -further.
例如，日产(Nissan)将在北京汽车展上发布其与中方合资伙伴东风汽车(Dongfeng Motors)联合研发的自主品牌启辰(Venucia)。但是，多数分析师表示，此类措施很可能只会小幅提升本土汽车制造商的市场份额，甚至还有可能进一步压低它们的份额。
Klaus Paur, car industry analyst at Ipsos in Shanghai, says: "In the past few years we have seen a dramatic loss of market share for Chinese branded vehicles, while international carmakers have done a very good job of penetrating the lower end of the market."
益普索(Ipsos)驻上海的汽车业分析师包亦农(Klaus Paur)表示：“过去几年里，我们看到中国品牌汽车的市场份额大幅下降，而海外汽车制造商在打入低端市场方面做得很出色。”
"Sometimes international car manufacturers understand Chinese consumers better than Chinese manufacturers do," he adds.
“有时候海外汽车制造商比中国同行更加了解中国消费者，”他补充说。
Western carmakers are increasingly adapting their cars for the Chinese market: BMW, for example, will launch a long-wheelbase version of its ever-popular 3 series especially for the China market where many cars are chauffeur driven.
西方汽车制造商日趋针对中国市场调整汽车的设计。比如，宝马(BMW)将发布畅销的3系车型的长轴距版，这是专门面向中国市场开发的，因为这里有许多高档车是由专职司机驾驶的。
Chinese carmakers like Geely, Great Wall and SAIC — the three strongest — are working hard to enter the middle to upper segments of the market and many are launching sports utility vehicles to capture a trend toward more individualistic purchases by younger buyers. "But they are always running a little bit late," says Mr Paur.
中国汽车制造商，如吉利(Geely)、长城(Great Wall)和上汽(SAIC)这三家最强大的企业，正努力打入中高端市场。不少厂家将发布运动型多功能车(SUV)，以求抓住年轻买家购买更具个性色彩车型的趋势。“但它们总是慢一拍，”包亦农表示。
Ivo Naumann, head of AlixPartners in Shanghai, says: "The product still has to improve to be really on par with international brands."
咨询集团艾睿铂(AlixPartners)上海主管罗曼(Ivo Naumann)表示：“这些产品仍需要改进，才能真正与国际品牌平起平坐。”
"At the end of the day, I think it's a question of scale. None of the independent Chinese carmakers has a scale that could -truly compete with large global carmakers," he adds, noting that even Geely, which also owns Volvo, produces fewer than 1m cars a year while the global market leaders produce several times that.
“归根结底，我认为这是一个规模的问题。非合资的中国汽车制造商没有一家能够真正在规模上与大型海外同行较量，”他补充说。罗曼指出，即便是旗下拥有沃尔沃(Volvo)的吉利，汽车年产量也不到100万辆，而全球市场领先车企的年产量几倍于此。
Meanwhile, prevailing winds increasingly favour global carmakers, analysts say. As China gets richer, car buyers often want to upgrade to foreign models and as the first big wave of car buyers replaces their first car, many are increasingly willing to pay for foreign reliability, not to mention resale value.
与此同时，分析师们表示，情况越来越有利于海外汽车制造商。随着中国变得更富，汽车买家往往想要升级至国外车型，同时随着首批购车族纷纷换车，其中许多人越来越愿意为国外车型的可靠性（且不提转售价值）掏钱。
Even Beijing's decision to force foreign carmakers to create indigenous joint -venture brands could cannibalise demand for independent Chinese brands, says Bill Russo of Synergistics, a consultancy, who is also a former head of Chrysler in China.
汽车业咨询公司Synergistics总裁、克莱斯勒(Chrysler)前中国区负责人罗威(Bill Russo)表示，甚至连北京方面迫使外国汽车制造商创建自主合资品牌的决定，也可能侵蚀市场对非合资中国品牌的需求。
Kevin Wale, head of GM in China, told the Financial Times: "It's tough to establish a global reputation ... and once you have done that it tends not to go away."
通用汽车中国公司总裁甘文维(Kevin Wale)对英国《金融时报》表示：“建立全球声誉是很难的……而一旦你建立起来了，这种声誉往往会一直伴随着你，不会离开。
"The Japanese and -Koreans built up global reputations, but it took them 20 or 30 or 40 years — and that still did not erode the global advantage of those that existed before. I think our reputation [in China] will last for an incredibly long time."
“日本和韩国厂家建立起了全球声誉，但它们花了20、30甚至40年，即便那样也没有削弱比它们更早的老品牌的全球优势。我认为我们（在中国的）声誉将持续相当长的时间。”译者:和风

之之

Huawei, the world’s second-largest network equipment vendor by sales, has yet to see the same success in its handset business, as it reported shrinking operating margins following costly product launches.

按销售额计算，华为是全球第二大网络设备供应商，但是其手机业务尚未取得同样的成功。该公司报告，在进行代价高昂的产品发布后，营运利润率下滑。
The privately-held company yesterday released a summary of its financial report, showing a 7.7 percentage point narrowing of it operating margin to 9.1 per cent. Analysts said it was mainly dragged down by the expensive launches of its new smartphones and tablet computers.
昨天，这家私有企业发布了财报摘要，显示营运利润率下降了7.7个百分点，至9.1%。分析师表示，这主要是受推出昂贵的新型智能手机和平板电脑拖累。
Huawei’s mainstay carrier network business grew a mere 3 per cent last year, underscoring the need for the company to diversify. Last year, its network business generated 74 per cent of its Rmb203.9bn ($32.3bn) revenue.
华为主营的运营商网络业务去年仅增长3%，这凸显出该公司分散业务的必要性。去年，华为营收达2039亿元人民币（合323亿美元），其中网络业务占74%。
The company said last year that it wanted to become the world’s third biggest handset brand in 2015, but it faces formidable competition from not just the top players, but also crosstown rival ZTE.
去年，该公司表示希望到2015年成为世界第三大手机品牌，但是华为不仅面临顶尖厂家的激烈竞争，还要应对同在深圳的竞争对手中兴。
Like Huawei, ZTE’s brand name is not well known among developed market consumers because many of its handsets are sold under the names of local carriers. ZTE management yesterday told analysts at a conference that its 2015 goal was to become the third-largest supplier of smartphones by volume, a slot currently occupied by Taiwan’s HTC.
和华为一样，中兴这个品牌名称在发达市场消费者中也没有什么名气，因为它的大多数手机以当地运营商的品牌销售。昨天，中兴管理团队在一场会议上告诉分析人士，中兴到2015年的目标是在销量上成为第三大智能手机供应商，现在这个位置由台湾的宏达电(HTC)占据。
The company plans to meet its goal by moving its handset business upmarket rather than sticking to Chinese telecoms groups’ more traditional strategy of competing on lower prices. It is launching a new Android-based model called the Mimosa X in July that ZTE hopes will improve margins and help to establish it as a serious operator.
中兴计划通过向高端手机市场转移来实现这一目标，而不是坚持中国电信制造商更为传统的低价竞争策略。中兴将于7月推出一款型号为Mimosa X的新Android手机，希望借此提高利润率，确立中兴作为一家不容小觑的手机制造商的地位。
“We are not afraid to take on the competition head on,” says Lv Qianhao, head of handset strategy. “Our latest products can compete with the best of them in thinness, battery life, the quality of the screen and user experience.”
手机战略主管吕钱浩表示：“我们不怕硬碰硬地竞争。我们最新的产品在厚度、待机时间、屏幕分辨率和用户体验方面都能和最优秀的产品一较高下。”
ZTE and Huawei compete on a range of products and services but the former’s revenues of Rmb86.3bn last year are much smaller. ZTE has bullish targets though, aiming to sell 40m-50m smartphones this year and 100m units in 2015. Huawei said it shipped around 20m smartphones last year.
中兴和华为在一系列产品和服务上都存在竞争，但是前者去年的营收是863亿元人民币，远低于后者。不过中兴有着乐观的目标，计划在今年售出4000万-5000万部智能手机，到2015年售出1亿部。华为表示，去年发运了大约2000万部智能手机。
Cynthia Meng, managing director at securities firm Jefferies, said ZTE’s margins should also improve after it dropped smart phone component suppliers in South Korea and Taiwan last year and started using cheaper mainland Chinese factories. “This is also an indication that the Chinese technology supply chain is maturing and ZTE is helping to nurture them further,” she said.
Jefferies证券公司的常务董事Cynthia Meng表示，中兴去年中止了与韩国和台湾智能手机零部件供应商的合作，开始启用更为低廉的中国内地工厂，因此中兴的利润率应该可以改善。她表示：“这也表明，中国科技供应链正在成熟，中兴正在进一步扶持供应商。”
She added, however, that it was unclear how “up market” ZTE was going to become. She estimated that only 10 per cent of its shipments this year were really high-end by industry standard.
不过，她补充道，还不清楚中兴将在何种程度上转向“高端”。她估计，按照业界标准，在该公司今年发货的产品中，只有10%属于真正的高端产品。译者:倪卫国

之之

Danish research shows that CO2 emissions could be making us fat, the Daily Mail reported.

据英国《每日邮报》报道，丹麦研究发现，空气中二氧化碳排放会导致我们变胖。

The increase in obese people in Denmark is roughly equivalent to the increase of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.

丹麦日益增长的肥胖人口大致符合空气中二氧化碳增加的情况。

Researcher Lars-Georg Hersoug said: "The normal theory is that fat people get fatter because they don't move as much as they should. But the study showed that thin people also get fatter, and this happened over the whole of the 22-year period of the study."

科学家拉丝-乔治·赫尔索称：“通常的理论是，胖子变胖是因为没达到应有的运动量。但这项研究表明，瘦子也在变胖，并且在他研究的22年中都是如此。”